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dBase, initially published by Ashton-Tate for CP/M in 1980, was among the first database management solutions for microcomputers, and was the top of the market in its time. Originally developed by C. Wayne Ratliff as a port of JPLDIS to PTDOS to win a office football pool with statistics, it was first named "Vulcan" after the Star Trek character, Mr. Spock. Later, George Tate and Hal Lashlee formed an agreement with Ratliff to market Vulcan and formed Ashton-Tate. Their marketing department decided that "Vulcan" wasn't buisness-like, and renamed it to "dBase." IBM commissioned a port in 1981 for their in-development PC, which led dBase to huge success. Two of dBase's innovations that withstood the test of time were the .dbf file format and the dBase programming language. Over 1,000 third-party products popped up using dBase over the years, including training, consulting, how-to books, application development, libraries of functionality code, and applications using dBase II runtime. While Ashton-Tate attempted to file a lawsuit against third-party developers, it was later thrown out and Ashton-Tate was bought by Borland.